Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

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Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

#1

Post by Ricrude »

Land around the U.S. is sinking. Here are some of the fastest areas.
Story by Kasha Patel • 7h ago

Imagine Earth’s surface is like a stack of pancakes. The pancakes, or layers of soil and rocks, may appear fairly evenly stacked and fluffy. Over time though, the stack can become compressed, thinner and shorter.

Scientists observe this downward motion of land, called land subsidence, across the planet. While some regions of land experience uplift, many parts of Earth’s surface are sinking — fast. Scientists are especially concerned for sinking locations near the coast, which are at a higher risk for flooding as sea levels rise in a warming world. Hurricanes and extreme rainfall events can also bring more damage to such low-lying areas.

But understanding this slumping land motion is not simple, scientists say. Even within the same city, some regions may be sinking at faster rates than other areas.

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If we look at the data, we don’t see a city as a whole, uniform society. We generally see regions of hot spots where you can see parts of cities subsiding depending on what is happening,” said NASA scientist David Bekaert, who has analyzed land subsidence in the United States and worldwide.

Some land subsidence, Bekaert said, is related to deep natural processes over long periods of time, such as responding to plate tectonic activity or to the retreating of the glaciers from the last Ice Age. Other sinking is linked to human activity, including extracting oil, water or minerals from underground. In cities, buildings can also add weight and push land down.

Many of the fastest sinking places in the world appear in populated areas in southeast Asia largely because of groundwater extraction, but the United States also faces substantial land subsidence. There, you may not notice land settling around you in your daily life, but scientists found that many places are sinking faster than global sea levels are rising — increasing flood risk in coastal cities. (Sea levels are rising at an average global rate of about 3.4 millimeters, or 0.13 inches, per year.)

Regions with the highest land subsidence in the United States are mainly located along the East and Gulf Coast, but here we selected a few hot spots around the country.

Gulf Coast: Houston

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The western Gulf Coast is experiencing some of the fastest land subsidence rates in the United States.

Analyzing land subsidence rates in large coastal cities, Bekaert and his colleagues found Houston has the fastest peak subsidence rates — about 17 millimeters per year from 2014 to 2020 — in the United States. Other research showed parts of Houston lost over 3 meters in elevation in certain areas since 1917.

Such land subsidence can worsen damage during extreme weather events. Researchers found that the majority of areas flooded during 2017′s Hurricane Harvey showed relatively high subsidence rates.

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Land subsidence in the Houston-Galveston area is largely caused by groundwater withdrawals. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, removing water from fine-grained silts and clays underground compresses the aquifer and lowers the land surface. Some regions experience high land subsidence rates because of withdrawal of local oil and natural gas reserves.

A smaller portion of land subsidence can be attributed to fault movement in the area.

Gulf Coast: New Orleans

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Parts of New Orleans are also experiencing high rates of sinking, due to both human-induced and natural processes. Research showed that rates are highly variable across the city, ranging from 6 to 20 inches (150 to 500 millimeters) over the past 20 years.

Past data from 2009 to 2012 showed the highest subsidence rates along the Mississippi River near industrial areas in Norco and Michoud — experiencing up to 2 inches (50 millimeters) of sinking a year. To the east of Norco, the Bonnet Carré Spillway, intended to reduce flood risk for New Orleans, experienced up to 1.6 inches of sinking a year behind the structure.

NASA reported a primary contributor is pumping groundwater. Subsidence deeper underground is also caused by the shifting of faults, according to the city of New Orleans.

While Houston and New Orleans are notable subsiding locations, other places in the Gulf also experience high rates. In a large area north of Tampa Bay, subsidence rates have been clocked at up to 6 millimeters per year, about twice as much as global sea level rise, from 2015 to 2020 due to groundwater pumping. The Tampa Bay area is also relatively flat, meaning rising seas may overwhelm large swaths of the low-lying area.

East Coast: New York City

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With more than 8 million people, New York City is the most populated city in the United States. It’s also sinking about 1 to 2 millimeters per year, on average. People living in subsiding cities like this may see higher sea-level rise — rates up to four times faster — than more stable regions.

“If now the water is going up and your land is going down, then your houses will be flooded,” said Matt Wei, a geophysicist at the University of Rhode Island. “That’s the issue.”

Wei said much of the city’s land subsidence are responses to glacial retreat after the most recent Ice Age. During the last Ice Age, ice sheets weighed heavily on the land and caused the crust beneath places such as Canada and the northeastern United States to stretch and sag. Places on the periphery of those sagging areas, though, such as around New York and the Chesapeake Bay, bulged upward. When the ice sheets began retreating about 12,000 years ago, those sagging areas started to rise back up while the bulging areas are settling back down.

Wei said to think of it like a balloon. If you push down on a balloon, parts near your hand will go down while other parts farther away will go up. Once you remove your hand, the balloon will try to bounce back to its original shape, causing some sections to rise and others to lower. He said the same process plays out on Earth except on “a much larger scale and also a much slower speed.”

For the most part, Wei said land subsidence in New York City is consistent with what researchers anticipated from this glacial rebound. However, some sections of the city showed higher rates of subsidence than expected. In a new study, Wei and his colleagues found that the weight of buildings around New York City are actually pushing down the land in some areas, contributing further to land subsidence. While the average rate in the city is 1 to 2 millimeters per year, some areas are experiencing about 4.5 millimeters per year.

“New York City is sinking not because of the weight of the buildings. It’s mainly because of the glacier rebound,” Wei said. “But there are places suggesting the weight of the buildings might [have] contributed to the accelerated rate.”

Mid-Atlantic: Norfolk

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Norfolk has the highest rate of sea level rise on the East Coast. Land subsidence plays no small part. Virginia’s Hampton Roads area is sinking at around twice as fast as waters are rising. In a study from 2020, Bekaert and his colleagues found Norfolk and Virginia Beach were sinking at more than 3.5 millimeters per year, with some sections sinking slower or faster.

Much like New York City, parts of the Mid-Atlantic are also affected by glacial rebound. Norfolk is also experiencing subsidence from a meteorite that created a hole millions of years ago. Softer dirt entered the crater and has since compacted and shifted downward, causing sinking to land around the crater.

Groundwater withdrawals are also exacerbating rates on local levels. Bekaert said historically, paper mills in Norfolk did a lot of pumping, but operations ceased with new regulations. The city is experimenting with a new project that would restore water in the aquifer and reverse long-term pumping.

Norfolk may stand out on the East Coast, but many areas along the coast are also combating high rates of subsidence and sea level rise. The Chesapeake Bay has been experiencing around 4.6 millimeters per year of sea level rise, exacerbated by land subsidence.

West coast: California’s Central Valley

Image


Sinking along the West Coast is comparatively small to the East Coast, but that doesn’t mean land subsidence isn’t a problem.

In the Pacific Northwest, Bekaert said a main driver on a broader scale is tectonic plate activity, where one plate is subducting, or going underneath another plate. Depending on where you are, he said, you may experience uplift or gradual subsidence. As you move further down the coast, the plates start to move next to one another, which doesn’t provide much vertical motion. Instead, human-induced processes take over.

Overall, data along the western coast show rates are mostly below 3 millimeters per year, except near areas like San Diego, which has experienced large amounts of human-induced sinking.

Further inland in California’s Central Valley, excessive pumping of groundwater for agriculture has caused the land to sink significantly. Since the 1920s, sections of the San Joaquin Valley have sank by as much as 8.5 meters. Groundwater pumping becomes even more problematic during droughts, exacerbating subsidence problems. Data from 2015 showed some spots subsided at rates as high as 600 millimeters (2 feet) per year.

“There can be hot spots within cities, where you see different subsidence rates,” Bekaert said. “Often, they are related to the local human-induced fingerprint that is taking place.”


The interactive map is cool...

https://www.climate.gov/maps-data/datas ... map-viewer
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

#2

Post by rule34 »

Good, maybe between that and global warming I will end up with some ocean front property here in Kansas.
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

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Ricrude wrote: Tue May 30, 2023 6:09 pm Gulf Coast: Houston

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i think i know where this is. several years ago i was down there and saw subdivisions being built in areas that looked almost like rice paddies. They were taking dirt to build canals and using it to raise the streets and house pads up enough to get them dry. It looked like a completely terrible idea. I would bet that the bulk of the "sinking" is because of compaction of the poorly compacted soil when the dirt work was done.
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

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Post by Ricrude »

Animal wrote: Tue May 30, 2023 6:40 pm
Ricrude wrote: Tue May 30, 2023 6:09 pm Gulf Coast: Houston

Image
i think i know where this is. several years ago i was down there and saw subdivisions being built in areas that looked almost like rice paddies. They were taking dirt to build canals and using it to raise the streets and house pads up enough to get them dry. It looked like a completely terrible idea. I would bet that the bulk of the "sinking" is because of compaction of the poorly compacted soil when the dirt work was done.
Thats a shame that the building codes are that lax...did they approve building on flood plains?
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

#5

Post by Animal »

Ricrude wrote: Tue May 30, 2023 7:06 pm
Animal wrote: Tue May 30, 2023 6:40 pm
Ricrude wrote: Tue May 30, 2023 6:09 pm Gulf Coast: Houston

Image
i think i know where this is. several years ago i was down there and saw subdivisions being built in areas that looked almost like rice paddies. They were taking dirt to build canals and using it to raise the streets and house pads up enough to get them dry. It looked like a completely terrible idea. I would bet that the bulk of the "sinking" is because of compaction of the poorly compacted soil when the dirt work was done.
Thats a shame that the building codes are that lax...did they approve building on flood plains?
houston is notorious for poor building and zoning. BUT, I am sure they did not approve building on flood plains. But, if you can get the "lot" for the house up above flood elevation, then the surrounding property doesn't matter. I would think that the city has rules that their streets have to be above flood plain, but if you dig channels behind the houses and move that dirt to the lots and streets and get it 6 inches above flood plain you would be okay. Then if that material settles (which it will) then no one checks that later. By that time its deeded to the City and the city owns and maintains the street and the home owners only have to worry about their house slab elevations staying above the line.
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

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Post by Ricrude »

Gotcha...much like what New Orleans did for a long time...
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

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Post by stonedmegman »

Building on marsh land is another famous foopa.

Just because you backfill it for years doesn't make foundation footings stable.
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

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Post by disco.moon »

Mmmm. I stopped reading at "fluffy pancakes".
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

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stonedmegman wrote: Tue May 30, 2023 7:54 pm Building on marsh land is another famous foopa.

Just because you backfill it for years doesn't make foundation footings stable.
Speaking of famous foopas

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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

#10

Post by woohooguy »

Im tired of people living in flood plains crying when they get flooded and they dont have insurance.

Pay the insurance or GTFO.

Yes it can be expensive, so move. Texas is calling.
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

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Post by Ricrude »

woohooguy wrote: Tue May 30, 2023 8:45 pm Im tired of people living in flood plains crying when they get flooded and they dont have insurance.

Pay the insurance or GTFO.

Yes it can be expensive, so move. Texas is calling.
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

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Post by QillerDaemon »

stonedmegman wrote: Tue May 30, 2023 7:54 pm Building on marsh land is another famous foopa.

Just because you backfill it for years doesn't make foundation footings stable.
Houston used to have vast rice fields to the west, there's a reason why Uncle Ben's is headquartered there. Then someone got the bright idea of building homes over the rice fields. The overall Houston area is a h-u-g-e swamp which basically connects directly into the south Louisiana swamp area, and moves the other way down southwest towards Corpus Christi. Homes without really good construction, including getting the base land properly settled, is just a disaster in the making, because flooding is the natural reaction to all that water movement. Houston, like Cleveland OH, is a city that just shouldn't exist.
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

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Post by FSchmertz »

rule34 wrote: Tue May 30, 2023 6:29 pm Good, maybe between that and global warming I will end up with some ocean front property here in Kansas.
Kansas was once covered by a shallow sea called the Western Interior Seaway.

https://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/state-fossils/18626

So maybe you need to learn to swim when the ocean comes calling.
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

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Post by stonedmegman »

QillerDaemon wrote: Tue May 30, 2023 8:51 pm
stonedmegman wrote: Tue May 30, 2023 7:54 pm Building on marsh land is another famous foopa.

Just because you backfill it for years doesn't make foundation footings stable.
Houston used to have vast rice fields to the west, there's a reason why Uncle Ben's is headquartered there. Then someone got the bright idea of building homes over the rice fields. The overall Houston area is a h-u-g-e swamp which basically connects directly into the south Louisiana swamp area, and moves the other way down southwest towards Corpus Christi. Homes without really good construction, including getting the base land properly settled, is just a disaster in the making, because flooding is the natural reaction to all that water movement. Houston, like Cleveland OH, is a city that just shouldn't exist.
A major example up here is Toronto.
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

#15

Post by Reservoir Dog »

stonedmegman wrote: Tue May 30, 2023 9:59 pm
QillerDaemon wrote: Tue May 30, 2023 8:51 pm
stonedmegman wrote: Tue May 30, 2023 7:54 pm Building on marsh land is another famous foopa.

Just because you backfill it for years doesn't make foundation footings stable.
Houston used to have vast rice fields to the west, there's a reason why Uncle Ben's is headquartered there. Then someone got the bright idea of building homes over the rice fields. The overall Houston area is a h-u-g-e swamp which basically connects directly into the south Louisiana swamp area, and moves the other way down southwest towards Corpus Christi. Homes without really good construction, including getting the base land properly settled, is just a disaster in the making, because flooding is the natural reaction to all that water movement. Houston, like Cleveland OH, is a city that just shouldn't exist.
A major example up here is Toronto.
Huh? :think:
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

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Post by CentralTexasCrude »

stonedmegman wrote: Tue May 30, 2023 9:59 pm
QillerDaemon wrote: Tue May 30, 2023 8:51 pm
stonedmegman wrote: Tue May 30, 2023 7:54 pm Building on marsh land is another famous foopa.

Just because you backfill it for years doesn't make foundation footings stable.
Houston used to have vast rice fields to the west, there's a reason why Uncle Ben's is headquartered there. Then someone got the bright idea of building homes over the rice fields. The overall Houston area is a h-u-g-e swamp which basically connects directly into the south Louisiana swamp area, and moves the other way down southwest towards Corpus Christi. Homes without really good construction, including getting the base land properly settled, is just a disaster in the making, because flooding is the natural reaction to all that water movement. Houston, like Cleveland OH, is a city that just shouldn't exist.
A major example up here is Toronto.
I bet it was the trillions of earthworms that died during the last Ice Ages. Those suckers could aerate the soil like nobody's business.
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

#17

Post by Ricrude »

https://coastal.climatecentral.org/map/ ... =noaa_2022


Interesting...by 2030 the gulf and southern Atlantic coast will lose a lot.
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

#18

Post by Animal »

wait. that's a little over 6 years from now?
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

#19

Post by necronomous »

So the levels aren't rising land is sinking.
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

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Post by Animal »

necronomous wrote: Mon Sep 11, 2023 5:48 pm So the levels aren't rising land is sinking.
i think its the combination of the two.
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

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Quick, install a global Marxist government to save the planet!
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

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Post by Ricrude »

I know...not sure I believe it but move the cursor to year 2050...looks like some of the Texas coast will be hit pretty good. Was at the beach week before last and it just seemed to me that the high tides are getting higher than what I remembered, or the dunes are just getting shorter. I'm sure DOT will be by to blame it on my faulty memory and conservatives.
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

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Post by saltydog »

So, climate change is real?
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

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saltydog wrote: Mon Sep 11, 2023 5:52 pm So, climate change is real?
The climate has and always will be changing
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Re: Sea level rise...We are sinking...justa little

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Post by saltydog »

Biker wrote: Mon Sep 11, 2023 5:59 pm
saltydog wrote: Mon Sep 11, 2023 5:52 pm So, climate change is real?
The climate has and always will be changing
Thank you Dr. Feelgood
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